
Crocodiles could hold their breath for a very long time underwater, and the CO2 that should have built up in their blood actually dissolved there into bicarbonate ions, bound to amino acids in the hemoglobin, in a complex that caused the hemoglobin to release oxygen molecules. [Blue Mars, p. 410]
So, by genetically altering human hemoglobin with crocodile hemoglobin, the humans populating the Mars of KSR's universe were able to breath the terraformed Martian air, that still contained CO2 at levels normally toxic to humans, without using carbon dioxide filters.
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